{"id":5886,"date":"2019-11-11T12:45:55","date_gmt":"2019-11-11T11:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/moked.it\/international\/?p=5886"},"modified":"2020-09-24T10:53:48","modified_gmt":"2020-09-24T08:53:48","slug":"italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/","title":{"rendered":"Italics – The For\u00adtu\u00adnate Fo\u00e0s of Sabbioneta"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"italics\"<\/a>By Eleanor Foa*<\/strong><\/p>\n

My father, an Ital\u00adian Jew, used to say that \u200b\u201cfam\u00adi\u00adly is every\u00adthing,\u201d yet I knew very lit\u00adtle about the his\u00adto\u00adry of the Fo\u00e0 fam\u00adi\u00adly. That changed when, in his retire\u00adment, my father wrote a forty-page fam\u00adi\u00adly mem\u00adoir and began to fill in some of the miss\u00ading pieces. He devot\u00aded only one line to our most famous ances\u00adtors, I Fratel\u00adli Fo\u00e0, print\u00aders of Bibles and Hebrew prayer books in six\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry north\u00adern Italy. They flour\u00adished between 1551 and 1590 in the tiny, walled city of Sab\u00adbione\u00adta. I\u2019d become aware of them when, a decade ear\u00adli\u00ader, an Israeli cousin had sent me copies of their hand\u00adsome printer\u2019s mark, or colophon. Their books are still con\u00adsid\u00adered excep\u00adtion\u00adal\u00adly beautiful.<\/p>\n

After my par\u00adents died, I pro\u00adposed to my sis\u00adter that we take a trip to Italy to vis\u00adit those vil\u00adlages where the Fo\u00e0s first emerged from the fog of his\u00adto\u00adry. As a writer, I took par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar pride in our print\u00ader ances\u00adtors who ped\u00addled, not rags, but books. Per\u00adhaps, too, the exis\u00adtence of these print\u00aders helped explain why my father and his entire fam\u00adi\u00adly believed that the Fo\u00e0s were special.<\/p>\n

Of all the vil\u00adlages we vis\u00adit\u00aded, tiny Sab\u00adbione\u00adta is the one I fell in love with. It\u2019s an exquis\u00adite Renais\u00adsance walled city. So per\u00adfect and beau\u00adti\u00adful are the pro\u00adpor\u00adtions of its two town squares that, when we drove through its red brick out\u00ader city walls, I thought I was on a BBC movie set film\u00ading a new ver\u00adsion of \u200b\u201cRomeo and Juli\u00adet.\u201d It\u2019s a mag\u00adi\u00adcal place.<\/p>\n

When we men\u00adtioned to a woman in the tourist office that we were the Fo\u00e0s in search of our fam\u00adi\u00adly his\u00adto\u00adry, she imme\u00addi\u00adate\u00adly rung up some\u00adone who she said is extreme\u00adly knowl\u00adedge\u00adable about the Jews of Sab\u00adbione\u00adta. With\u00adin min\u00adutes Alber\u00adto Sarzi Madi\u00addi\u00adni turns up, a non-Jew\u00adish res\u00adi\u00addent of the city whose pas\u00adsion is research\u00ading and writ\u00ading about the Jew\u00adish his\u00adto\u00adry in his home\u00adtown. He is eager to show us the syn\u00ada\u00adgogue, and dri\u00adves us to the Jew\u00adish ceme\u00adtery. Dur\u00ading two sub\u00adse\u00adquent vis\u00adits and research of my own, I dis\u00adcov\u00adered much more about the Sab\u00adbione\u00adta Fo\u00e0s who, it turns out, were for\u00adtu\u00adnate in many ways.<\/p>\n

First, they were lucky to have lived under the lib\u00ader\u00adal rule of Ves\u00adpasiano Gon\u00adza\u00adga (1531\u2009\u2013\u20091591), the Duke of Sab\u00adbione\u00adta. An enlight\u00adened ruler, edu\u00adcat\u00aded in Greek, Latin, his\u00adto\u00adry, Ital\u00adian lit\u00ader\u00ada\u00adture, the Tal\u00admud, and even Kab\u00adbal\u00adah, he was raised to be both a sol\u00addier of for\u00adtune and true Renais\u00adsance prince. Gon\u00adza\u00adga want\u00aded to make Sab\u00adbione\u00adta a cap\u00adi\u00adtal of the mind. He not only per\u00admit\u00adted the rise of the Fo\u00e0 print\u00ading house, but also remained an enlight\u00adened pro\u00adtec\u00adtor of the Jews. In fact, as I lat\u00ader dis\u00adcov\u00adered, Sab\u00adbione\u00adta is the only city in Italy (with the excep\u00adtion of Livorno) that nev\u00ader estab\u00adlished a Jew\u00adish ghet\u00adto. Gon\u00adza\u00adga wel\u00adcomed and respect\u00aded Jews as \u200b\u201cpeo\u00adple of the book,\u201d at a time when oth\u00ader cities cre\u00adat\u00aded ghet\u00adtos and forced Jew\u00adish print\u00aders to close.<\/p>\n

They were also for\u00adtu\u00adnate that Rab\u00adbi Tobia Fo\u00e0, a man of excep\u00adtion\u00adal cul\u00adture and good deeds, estab\u00adlished the press. Accord\u00ading to David Amran, author of The Mak\u00aders of Hebrew Books in Italy, \u200b\u201cNo Hebrew press of the cen\u00adtu\u00adry was more for\u00adtu\u00adnate in the num\u00adber and qual\u00adi\u00adty of its workmen.\u201d<\/p>\n

My grow\u00ading curios\u00adi\u00adty about our print\u00ader ances\u00adtors led me to edu\u00adcate myself about the his\u00adto\u00adry of print\u00ading and its migra\u00adtion from Ger\u00admany to Italy. It\u2019s a his\u00adto\u00adry with some surprises.<\/p>\n

I did not know, for exam\u00adple, that although Jews helped finance Gutenberg\u2019s 1450 inven\u00adtion\u2009\u2014\u2009first used to print a Bible in 1455\u2009\u2014\u2009they were not per\u00admit\u00adted to join Ger\u00adman print\u00ading guilds. So Ger\u00adman Jews took their knowl\u00adedge to Italy where, as ear\u00adly as 1470 in Rome, Chris\u00adt\u00adian and Jew\u00adish print\u00aders were estab\u00adlished. Nor did I real\u00adize that, even in Italy, the priv\u00adi\u00adlege of print\u00ading books was nev\u00ader con\u00adferred upon a Jew. Only mem\u00adbers of patri\u00adcian hous\u00ades could estab\u00adlish press\u00ades. This explains why Jews part\u00adnered with fam\u00adi\u00adlies like the Gon\u00adza\u00adgas. Even so, licens\u00ades to pub\u00adlish Hebrew books were grant\u00aded and revoked at the whim of local rulers and the pope. In fact, only a short win\u00addow of time exist\u00aded dur\u00ading which the church allowed Jew\u00adish print\u00aders to pur\u00adsue their trade in Italy. The sit\u00adu\u00ada\u00adtion var\u00adied from city-state to city-state.<\/p>\n

I also had no idea that book burn\u00ading was such an ancient prac\u00adtice. In 1554, for exam\u00adple, Julius III issued a Papal bull to the effect that all Jew\u00adish texts, the Tal\u00admud in par\u00adtic\u00adu\u00adlar, should be burned. The prac\u00adtice had already begun with a bon\u00adfire of books in Rome\u2019s Cam\u00adpo de Fiori. In Venice alone, thou\u00adsands of books were thrown into the flames in St. Mark\u2019s Square. Very few books sur\u00advived. Those that did, iron\u00adi\u00adcal\u00adly, were often saved by monks and tucked away in monasteries.<\/p>\n

Six years after my first vis\u00adit to Sab\u00adbione\u00adta, I dis\u00adcov\u00adered that Colum\u00adbia Uni\u00adver\u00adsi\u00adty Press owns the third largest col\u00adlec\u00adtion of Judaica man\u00adu\u00adscripts in the coun\u00adtry, out\u00adside of a reli\u00adgious insti\u00adtu\u00adtion. It was mount\u00ading an exhib\u00adit called, \u200b\u201cPeo\u00adple in the Books: Hebraica and Judaica,\u201d and on a hunch, I called the cura\u00adtor, Michelle Ches\u00adner, to find out whether they might have an I Fratel\u00adli Fo\u00e0\u00adbook in their col\u00adlec\u00adtion. To my aston\u00adish\u00adment, they did. I arranged a vis\u00adit to the library and spent a long time look\u00ading at, han\u00addling and pho\u00adtograph\u00ading the book. Though its cov\u00ader was miss\u00ading, it was fas\u00adci\u00adnat\u00ading to turn its pages, some unusu\u00adal\u00adly laid out like invert\u00aded pyra\u00admids, and oth\u00aders bear\u00ading black cen\u00adsored lines and sec\u00adtions. I did not know that books that escaped incin\u00ader\u00ada\u00adtion were rou\u00adtine\u00adly cen\u00adsored and that Jews who con\u00advert\u00aded to Catholi\u00adcism often became offi\u00adcial cen\u00adsors, in part because they were the only ones who could read Hebrew. (Show the two print\u00aders marks on the last page of the book?) Cura\u00adtor Ches\u00adner also informed me that oth\u00ader Fo\u00e0 print\u00aders con\u00adtin\u00adued to car\u00adry on the fam\u00adi\u00adly pro\u00adfes\u00adsion in eigh\u00adteenth cen\u00adtu\u00adry Ams\u00adter\u00addam, Venice and Turkey. Their work con\u00adtributed sig\u00adnif\u00adi\u00adcant\u00adly to the dif\u00adfu\u00adsion of Jew\u00adish lit\u00ader\u00ada\u00adture in Europe.<\/p>\n

Since my first vis\u00adit to Sab\u00adbione\u00adta, and despite a 2012 earth\u00adquake that dam\u00adaged the syn\u00ada\u00adgogue, the city was named a World Her\u00aditage Site. Funds were raised to con\u00adtin\u00adue the synagogue\u2019s restora\u00adtion and clean-up of the ceme\u00adtery. New his\u00adtoric arti\u00adfacts, includ\u00ading glass mezuzahs, prob\u00ada\u00adbly made from Venet\u00adian glass, are on dis\u00adplay in sev\u00ader\u00adal cas\u00ades devot\u00aded to the town\u2019s col\u00adlec\u00adtion of Jew\u00adish and Chris\u00adt\u00adian arti\u00adfacts. And stand\u00ading at the entrance to the syn\u00ada\u00adgogue are two infor\u00adma\u00adtive nar\u00adra\u00adtives: one on \u200b\u201cThe Sab\u00adbione\u00adta Jew\u00adish Print\u00ading House,\u201d and the oth\u00ader on \u200b\u201cThe Jew\u00adish Com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adty in Sabbioneta.\u201d<\/p>\n

Four years after my ini\u00adtial trip to Italy, I took the ele\u00adva\u00adtor to the top floor of Sotheby\u2019s, the New York auc\u00adtion house, to vis\u00adit the world\u2019s largest col\u00adlec\u00adtion of Jew\u00adish books, the Val\u00admadon\u00adna Trust Library. It was a mob scene. Guides were giv\u00ading tours of the floor-to-ceil\u00ading shelves of books\u2009\u2014\u200913,000 vol\u00adumes\u2009\u2014\u2009from every cor\u00adner of the Jew\u00adish dias\u00adpo\u00adra. Near the shelves of Ital\u00adian books were two long glass vit\u00adrines with a hand\u00adful of books, some open and some closed, on view for fur\u00adther inspec\u00adtion. And there, thrilling\u00adly, were two exquis\u00adite\u00adly pre\u00adserved I Fratel\u00adli Fo\u00e0\u00adbooks. One was espe\u00adcial\u00adly beau\u00adti\u00adful; a small trav\u00adel\u00ading Torah with a hand-tooled tapes\u00adtry-embroi\u00addered cov\u00ader. The oth\u00ader was open to the I Fratel\u00adli Fo\u00e0 colophon: the black lus\u00adtrous image of a palm tree, Star of David, two ris\u00ading Lions of Judah and the Fo\u00e0 name in Hebrew. It looked so fresh, as if it had just been printed.<\/p>\n

Over\u00adwhelmed, I couldn\u2019t help but won\u00adder why, out of the thou\u00adsands of books in this col\u00adlec\u00adtion, Lun\u00adz\u00ader chose to dis\u00adplay the works of my ances\u00adtors. I felt com\u00adpelled to ask him myself. Thread\u00ading my way through the crowd, I moved clos\u00ader, placed my hand on his arm and qui\u00adet\u00adly intro\u00adduced myself to the eighty-five-year-old bib\u00adlio\u00adphile as a Fo\u00e0. Lun\u00adz\u00ader sud\u00adden\u00adly looked up. \u200b\u201cA Sab\u00adbione\u00adta Fo\u00e0?\u201d he asked. I nod\u00added. \u200b\u201cYou\u2019ve been to Sab\u00adbione\u00adta?\u201d I nod\u00added. He smiled, raised my hand to his mouth and, in a ges\u00adture wor\u00adthy of an Ital\u00adian aris\u00adto\u00adcrat, kissed it.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou come from a won\u00adder\u00adful fam\u00adi\u00adly,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

The article was published in the Jewish Book Council on November 4, 2019.<\/p>\n

Eleanor Foa is an author, jour\u00adnal\u00adist, and cor\u00adpo\u00adrate writer. Her mem\u00adoir MIXED MES\u00adSAGES: Reflec\u00adtions on an Ital\u00adian Jew\u00adish Fam\u00adi\u00adly and Exile comes out in Novem\u00adber 2019. Her work appears in nation\u00adal news\u00adpa\u00adpers, mag\u00ada\u00adzines and web\u00adsites. She is the author of Whith\u00ader Thou Goest and In Good Com\u00adpa\u00adny, Pres\u00adi\u00addent of Eleanor Foa Asso\u00adciates (eleanor\u200bfoa\u200b.com), past pres\u00adi\u00addent of the Amer\u00adi\u00adcan Soci\u00adety of Jour\u00adnal\u00adists and Authors, and received lit\u00ader\u00adary res\u00adi\u00adden\u00adcies at Yad\u00addo and the Vir\u00adginia Cen\u00adter for the Cre\u00adative Arts.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Eleanor Foa* My father, an Ital\u00adian Jew, used to say that \u200b\u201cfam\u00adi\u00adly is every\u00adthing,\u201d yet I knew very lit\u00adtle about the his\u00adto\u00adry of the Fo\u00e0 fam\u00adi\u00adly. That changed when, in his retire\u00adment, my father wrote a forty-page fam\u00adi\u00adly mem\u00adoir and began to fill in some of the miss\u00ading pieces. He devot\u00aded only one line… leggi <\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4296,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7613],"tags":[],"position":[],"class_list":["post-5886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-italian-word-of-the-week"],"yoast_head":"\nItalics - The For\u00adtu\u00adnate Fo\u00e0s of Sabbioneta - Pagine Ebraiche International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Italics - The For\u00adtu\u00adnate Fo\u00e0s of Sabbioneta - Pagine Ebraiche International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Eleanor Foa* My father, an Ital\u00adian Jew, used to say that \u200b\u201cfam\u00adi\u00adly is every\u00adthing,\u201d yet I knew very lit\u00adtle about the his\u00adto\u00adry of the Fo\u00e0 fam\u00adi\u00adly. 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That changed when, in his retire\u00adment, my father wrote a forty-page fam\u00adi\u00adly mem\u00adoir and began to fill in some of the miss\u00ading pieces. He devot\u00aded only one line… leggi ","og_url":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/","og_site_name":"Pagine Ebraiche International","article_published_time":"2019-11-11T11:45:55+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-09-24T08:53:48+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/moked.it\/international\/files\/2014\/04\/italics.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"rossellatercatin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rossellatercatin","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/"},"author":{"name":"rossellatercatin","@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/#\/schema\/person\/51e9fca2f211041a5817e3678547fee1"},"headline":"Italics – The For\u00adtu\u00adnate Fo\u00e0s of Sabbioneta","datePublished":"2019-11-11T11:45:55+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-24T08:53:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/"},"wordCount":1943,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/moked.it\/international\/files\/2014\/04\/italics.png","articleSection":["Italian Word of the Week"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/","url":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2019\/11\/11\/italics-fortunate-foas-sabbioneta\/","name":"Italics - 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