{"id":7980,"date":"2022-06-07T16:35:51","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T14:35:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/?p=7980"},"modified":"2022-07-04T17:17:46","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T15:17:46","slug":"le-devoir-de-choisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2022\/06\/07\/le-devoir-de-choisir\/","title":{"rendered":"Loi juive et l\u2019agression contre l\u2019Ukraine<\/br>Le devoir de choisir"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Par Rav Michael Ascoli<\/strong>
\nIl n\u2019est pas facile de faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des sources juives pour essayer d\u2019\u00e9tablir quelle position on devrait adopter quant \u00e0 l\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine, si et avec quelle franchise se dresser contre la Russie en tant que juifs et en ce qui concerne Isra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tat. Le peuple juif a v\u00e9cu dans des conditions d\u2019oppression ou, du moins, de soumission pendant des si\u00e8cles et, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, il a d\u00fb penser \u00e0 survivre sans pouvoir s\u2019occuper d\u2019autre chose. Le fait d\u2019avoir son mot \u00e0 dire dans la rampe internationale est une nouveaut\u00e9 qui nous confronte \u00e0 de nouveaux d\u00e9fis. Toutefois, c\u2019est notre m\u00e9moire historique r\u00e9cente qui devrait nous pousser \u00e0 prendre une position explicite et \u00e0 supporter ouvertement l\u2019Ukraine, et notamment le rappel des survivants de la Shoah contre l\u2019indiff\u00e9rence. Il y a deux consid\u00e9rations contraires qu\u2019on entend souvent faire \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard: la premi\u00e8re d\u2019opportunit\u00e9, selon laquelle il est mieux de ne pas s\u2019exposer au vu de nombreux juifs qui vivent en Russie. La deuxi\u00e8me de m\u00e9rite, vu que les Ukrainiens ont un lourd pass\u00e9 \u2013 et peut-\u00eatre pas seulement un pass\u00e9 \u2013 antis\u00e9mite. Donc, soyez prudents. Mais il n\u2019y a qu\u2019un pas entre la prudence et l\u2019indiff\u00e9rence. Et surtout, nous ne sommes pas appel\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre seulement des \u201csaints\u201d tandis que des victimes en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Rav J. Sacks r\u00e9sume ainsi la question\u00a0: \u201cSi quelqu\u2019un est en danger, agissez! Ne vous arr\u00eatez pas pour vous demander s\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un ennemi ou d\u2019un ami. Faites comme Mo\u00efse quand il vit les pasteurs maltraiter les filles de J\u00e9thro; ou comme Abraham quand il pria pour les gens des villes de la vall\u00e9e\u201d. Pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 propos de J\u00e9thro (Yitr\u00f2), dans le Talmud on trouve un midrash extr\u00eamement significatif: \u201cSeulement trois personnes \u00e9taient pr\u00e9sentes \u00e0 la consultation dans laquelle le pharaon d\u00e9cida de pers\u00e9cuter le peuple juif: Bil\u00e0m, Iyov e Yitr\u00f2. Bil\u00e0m, qui conseilla d\u2019affliger le peuple juif, fut tu\u00e9; Iy\u00f2v, qui resta en silence, fut condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 souffrir terriblement; Yitr\u00f2 s\u2019enfuit et pour cette raison certains de ses descendants m\u00e9rit\u00e8rent de s\u2019asseoir sur la Lishk\u00e0t haGz\u00ect (\u00e0 savoir ils firent partie du Grand Sanh\u00e9drin)\u201d (TB Sot\u00e0 11a). Nous ne voulons pas ressembler \u00e0 Bil\u00e0m, \u00e0 Iyov non plus. L\u2019exemple c\u2019est Yitr\u00f2, l\u2019homme qui a eu le courage de s\u2019opposer au tyran et qui pour cette raison a \u00e9t\u00e9 contraint de fuir la ville. C\u2019est un exemple qui peut co\u00fbter, et pas qu\u2019un peu, mais c\u2019est le seul vertueux.
\nUn autre sujet qui doit \u00eatre d\u00e9mont\u00e9 est celui du juda\u00efsme comme \u201creligion de la paix\u201d. Notre tradition est orgueilleusement riche en enseignements qui soulignent l\u2019importance de la paix. Mais pas parce qu\u2019il y ait un rejet absolu et pr\u00e9judiciel de la guerre. Au contraire, quand la guerre est n\u00e9cessaire, on combat. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a fait Abraham, puis Jacob, David aussi \u2013 exemple d\u2019un homme qui savait \u00eatre un grand guerrier et un roi tr\u00e8s sensible \u2013 puis les juifs \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque d\u2019Esther, et ensuite les Maccab\u00e9es jusqu\u2019\u00e0 des jours plus r\u00e9cents. Il est vrai, tr\u00e8s vrai, que nous ne c\u00e9l\u00e9brons que le salut, jamais la victoire. Mais c\u2019est une autre historie. Et il ne s\u2019agit pas \u201cseulement\u201d d\u2019Aggada. Les \u201cnormes des rois et des guerres\u201d sont halakha pratique, codifi\u00e9e depuis Rambam.<\/p>\n

(Dans l\u2019image, le dessin du dessinateur fran\u00e7ais Joann Sfar<\/strong><\/a>, qui dans ces semaines a racont\u00e9 l\u2019agression russe de l\u2019Ukraine par ses travaux).<\/p>\n

Traduit par Erika Centazzo, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par Alida Caccia, \u00e9tudiantes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Langues Modernes pour les Interpr\u00e8tes et les Traducteurs de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Trieste, stagiaires dans le bureau du journal de l\u2019Union des communaut\u00e9s juives italiennes \u2013 Pagine Ebraiche. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par Rav Michael Ascoli Il n\u2019est pas facile de faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des sources juives pour essayer d\u2019\u00e9tablir quelle position on devrait adopter quant \u00e0 l\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine, si et avec quelle franchise se dresser contre la Russie en tant que juifs et en ce qui concerne Isra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tat. Le peuple juif… leggi <\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1871,"featured_media":7983,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"position":[],"class_list":["post-7980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nLoi juive et l\u2019agression contre l\u2019UkraineLe devoir de choisir - Pagine Ebraiche International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/moked.it\/international\/2022\/06\/07\/le-devoir-de-choisir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Loi juive et l\u2019agression contre l\u2019UkraineLe devoir de choisir - Pagine Ebraiche International\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par Rav Michael Ascoli Il n\u2019est pas facile de faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des sources juives pour essayer d\u2019\u00e9tablir quelle position on devrait adopter quant \u00e0 l\u2019invasion russe de l\u2019Ukraine, si et avec quelle franchise se dresser contre la Russie en tant que juifs et en ce qui concerne Isra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tat. 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