Having trouble viewing this email? Click here March 6, 2023 – 13 Adar 5783


  

ACTUALIDAD

"En una Italia más vulnerable a causa de las crisis,
el odio antisemita se propaga"

Por Daniel Reichel
 
En una sociedad vulnerable, afectada por los efectos de la pandemia, del conflicto y de la inflación, los sentimientos de incertidumbre, de frustración y de rabia aumentan. Crece también la tendencia de buscar un chivo expiatorio y, como consecuencia, sube el número de los episodios de antisemitismo. Se trata de un asunto analizando cuidadosamente en el último informe del Osservatorio Antisemitismo de la Fundación italiana CDEC. El informe, editado por la socióloga responsable del Osservatorio Betti Guetta, junto con los investigadores Stefano Gatti y Murilo Cambruzzi, evidencia una tendencia preocupante. Es decir, en Italia, en 2022, con respecto al año precedente, hubo un aumento, aunque leve, de acciones y hostilidad contra los judíos. En especial, el Osservatorio identificó 241 episodios de antisemitismo, un dato que resulta ser levemente más elevado comparado con los 226 episodios de 2021. Entre ellos, 164 se refieren al antisemitismo en la red mientras que 77 son episodios concretos: 2 agresiones, 10 casos de amenazas y un grave acto de vandalismo contra la sinagoga de Trieste.
"La principal matriz ideológica que alimenta el odio contra los judíos – se subraya en el informe – sigue siendo la matriz de conspiración que se basa en viejos mitos de un supuesto poder judío. Estos mitos se hacen modernos y se adaptan a una realidad contingente como la pandemia de coronavirus, la guerra contra Ucrania o la crisis energética". Esta es una de las razones de la enorme peligrosidad del antisemitismo: su capacidad de ser siempre actual. Es un fenómeno que se insinúa de una manera aún más fácil en una sociedad como la italiana, que parece cada vez más confundida e incapaz de entender las transformaciones del presente. Por lo tanto, es más propensa a recaer en la dinámica del chivo expiatorio.

Traducido por Francesca Pischedda y revisado por Diana Drudi, estudiantes de la Escuela Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores de la Universidad de Trieste, pasantes en la oficina del periódico de la Unión de las Comunidades Judías Italianas – Pagine Ebraiche.

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DÉBATS

Pour une technologie éthique

"Le judaïsme bénit le progrès technologique mais, comme on l’apprend de l’histoire du Golem, il tient fermement à un principe : c'est toujours l'homme qui contrôle la technologie et jamais l'inverse". C’est pour cette raison que l’initiative "Rome Call for AI Ethics" est fondamentale, comme rabbi Eliezer Simha Weisz, membre du Conseil du Grand Rabbinat d'Israël, a récemment rappelé pendant un meeting. Un appel lancé en 2020 par le Saint-Siège pour promouvoir une algoréthique, c’est-à-dire un développement éthique de l'intelligence artificielle.  Un appel auquel se sont joints désormais le monde juif et islamique à travers la signature du document en Vatican de Rav Weisz et du cheikh Abdallah bin Bayyah, président du Forum pour la paix d'Abu Dhabi et du Conseil émirati de la Fatwa de la Charia. À leurs côtés, Vincenzo Paglia, président de l'Académie pontificale pour la vie et principal promoteur de l'Appel dès février 2020. "Toutes les trois religions abrahamiques ont signé la Rome Call for AI Ethics. L’algoréthique s’annonce comme une grande opportunité pour un dialogue pacifique", a déclaré Monseigneur Paglia. "Il s’agit d’une initiative très importante : on devrait toujours avoir des comités d'éthique qui contrôlent le développement technologique", a souligné Rav Weisz.

Traduction de Margherita Francese, révisée par Erika Centazzo, étudiantes à l’École Supérieure de Langues Modernes pour les Interprètes et les Traducteurs de l’Université de Trieste, stagiaires dans le bureau du journal de l’Union des communautés juives italiennes – Pagine Ebraiche.

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KULTUR/INTERNATIONALE BIENNALE

"Kunst und Gedenken, ein ethisches Zeugnis"

Die internationale Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst "Arte in Memoria" (Kunst im Gedenken) ist wieder da. Die von Adachiara Zevi konzipierte und kuratierte Ausstellung befindet sich auf dem Gelände der Synagoge der antiken Stadt Ostia, nämlich der ältesten Synagoge des Westens aus dem 1. Jahrhundert, in der Nähe von Rom. Die Kunstmesse, die bereits zum elften Mal stattfindet, stellt Werke aus, die von Francesco Arena, Maria Eichhorn und Paolo Icaro speziell für diesen Raum geschaffen worden sind. Wenn man ihnen mitrechnet, dann steigt die Gesamtzahl der Künstler, die seit der ersten Ausgabe an der Initiative teilgenommen haben, auf 54. Die Idee entstand aus der Initiative der Synagoge in Stommeln in der Kölner Provinz, die den Nationalsozialismus überlebt hat.
Hier wird jedes Jahr seit 1990 ein Künstler eingeladen, ein originelles Werk für die Stätte zu kreieren. Die theoretische und kritische Voraussetzung ist, dass unsere Kultur "vom Gedenken besessen" und gleichzeitig "von der zerstörenden Dynamik der Vergessenheit ergreift" ist. Die Künstler werden daher gebeten, einen künstlerischen Beitrag speziell für die Synagoge in Ostia zu schaffen. Ziel ist es, dass die "Erinnerung an vergangene, aktuelle und laufende Tragödien sich nicht in Gedenkfeiern und üblichen Reden eines Tages auflöst", sondern zunehmend zu einer lebendigen und belebenden Materie wird.

Übersetzt von Valentina Megera, durchgesehen von Sofia Busatto, Schülerinnen der Hochschule für moderne Sprachen für Dolmetscher und Übersetzer der Universität von Triest, Praktikantinnen in der Redaktion der Vereinigung der Italienischen Jüdischen Gemeinschaften – Pagine Ebraiche.

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BOOKS

Jewish identity, questions and answers

How can Judaism be defined? As an ethnicity? As a religion? As a culture? "Frequently asked questions in the Ghetto of Venice", a small book which has recently been published, aims to answer these questions. Published by the publishing house Scalamata with informational purposes, the book is characterized by its immediacy and clarity, and also by a successful combination of text and images. As a matter of fact, the illustrations of artist Michal Meron are a treat for the eye: a colorful fresco captures the essence of salient moments of the Jewish-Venetian identity and rituality.
"There are many interesting curiosities related to the Ghetto that connotate its history.  Just as there are many questions that people ask about Jewish culture, history and religion, and about the causes of anti-Semitism", admits the publisher Alon Baker. And the idea of trying to give some answers to the public comes from here. It is a simple but yet valuable little book. As the president of the Jewish Community Dario Calimani pointed out, it is significant that "this small but great work by Alon Baker and Michal Meron, which aims to debunk false myths and prejudices about Jewish people and to explain some small truths that are too often unknown because taken for granted" sees the light in Venice.

Translated by Laura Cattani, revised by Margherita Francese, students at the Secondary School of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators of the University of Trieste, interns at the newspaper office of the Union of the Italian Jewish Communities – Pagine Ebraiche.

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ITALICS

Secretariat of State publishes full "Jews" series
of historical archive online

The "Jews" archival series of the Historical Archive of the Secretariat of State—Section for Relations with States and International Organizations (ASRS)—is now fully available for consultation on the internet. The series consists of 170 volumes containing requests for help addressed to Pope Pius XII by Jews, both baptized Catholics and many who were not, from all over Europe, after the beginning of the persecutions by fascist governments in the 1930s and 1940s.
 
*This article was originally published on Vatican News on February 21, 2023.

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Pagine Ebraiche International is edited by Daniela Gross.
Special thanks to: Francesco Moises Bassano, Susanna Barki, Amanda Benjamin, Monica Bizzio, Angelica Edna Calò Livne, Eliezer Di Martino, Alain Elkann, Dori Fleekop, Daniela Fubini, Benedetta Guetta, Sarah Kaminski, Daniel Leisawitz, Annette Leckart, Gadi Luzzatto Voghera, Yaakov Mascetti, Francesca Matalon, Jonathan Misrachi, Anna Momigliano, Giovanni Montenero, Elèna Mortara, Sabina Muccigrosso, Lisa Palmieri Billig, Jazmine Pignatello, Shirley Piperno, Giandomenico Pozzi, Daniel Reichel, Colby Robbins,  Danielle Rockman, Lindsay Shedlin, Michael Sierra, Rachel Silvera, Adam Smulevich, Simone Somekh, Rossella Tercatin, Ada Treves, Lauren Waldman, Sahar Zivan.
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Pagine Ebraiche International è a cura di Daniela Gross.
Realizzato con il contributo di: Francesco Moises Bassano, Susanna Barki, Amanda Benjamin, Monica Bizzio, Angelica Edna Calò Livne, Alain Elkann, Dori Fleekop, Daniela Fubini, Benedetta Guetta, Sarah Kaminski, Daniel Leisawitz, Annette Leckart, Gadi Luzzatto Voghera, Yaakov Mascetti, Jonathan Misrachi, Anna Momigliano, Giovanni Montenero, Elèna Mortara, Sabina Muccigrosso, Lisa Palmieri Billig, Jazmine Pignatello, Shirley Piperno, Giandomenico Pozzi, Daniel Reichel, Colby Robbins,  Danielle Rockman, Lindsay Shedlin, Michael Sierra, Adam Smulevich, Simone Somekh, Rossella Tercatin, Ada Treves, Lauren Waldman, Sahar Zivan.
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